Overstory and shrub effects on natural regeneration processes in native Pinus radiata stands

Native Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stands on the Monterey peninsula have been significantly modified by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The exclusion of fire and the introduction of pitch canker (caused by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell) created a need for the examination of these changing ecosystems with respect to regeneration, especially as these stands reach mature ages. We established 210 plots on 35 transects distributed throughout five stands in order to describe the current stand structure and quantify the extent and condition of regeneration. The results indicated that Monterey pine seedling establishment varies throughout the peninsula depending on percent canopy cover, duff and litter depth, and percent shrub cover while seedling growth is influenced by percent shrub cover. Canopy cover was also found to inversely influence shrub cover. Our study highlights the importance of understory removal to increase Monterey pine regeneration and seedling growth as canopy cover decreases, especially in areas where coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum E. Greene) are abundant.     

云南松毛虫越冬代幼虫自然种群空间分布型的研究

通过样方调查计算，采用聚集度指标法，测定云南松毛虫越冬代幼虫的空问分布型，建立了最适抽样数关系式，并对其进行了序贯抽样分析。结果表明：云南松毛虫越冬代幼虫种群在林内呈聚集分布，其Iwao回归方程为m*=5．2181 1．0207x^-、复相关系数R=0．9918；最适抽样株数为：N=621．81/x^- 2．07。     

德钦县"天保"工程实施对策

德钦县地处“天保”工程实施的重点区域 ,工程的实施 ,可从根本上遏制该县生态环境日益恶化的趋势 ,改善区域内的生态环境 ,对经济和社会的可持续发展产生重要作用。为保证“天保”工程的顺利实施 ,提出加强技术培训和人才培养 ;实施林下资源和旅游资源开发 ;协调林牧矛盾 ;加大公益林建设力度等 8条实施对策     

Flash chromatography on cartridges for the separation of plant extracts: Rules for the selection of chromatographic conditions and comparison with medium pressure liquid chromatography

Empirical rules for the selection of chromatographic conditions on flash chromatography cartridges were developed, with an emphasis on gradient mode. These rules were then tested with separation of extracts from important medicinal plants including Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Piper nigrum and Salvia milthiorrhiza. Sepacore® cartridges enabled a good separation of compounds with a broad range of polarity, as typically found in plant extracts. The chromatographic resolution remained, however, lower than that achieved on classical columns packed with material of smaller particle size. For poorly soluble extracts, solid introduction gave better results than liquid injection.     

Fruit tree Aphids and their natural enemies in Isparta region,Turkey

Fourteen aphid species belonging to eight genera and three families of the superfamily Aphidoidea were presented from Isparta region in fruit tree orchards. Among these, Dysaphis plantaginea, Aphis pomi and Dysaphis devecta, which cause harm to apples, are the most common species in the area because of the high amount of apple production. In addition, eight species from the family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), three from Syrphidae (Diptera) and one species from Forficulidae (Dermaptera) were found as predator. Totally, eight species were determined as parasitoids from the families Aphidiidae, Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera).     

Phenological patterns in a southern Amazonian tropical forest: implications for sustainable management

Phenological transects were employed to assess monthly leaf, flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit abundance for a total of 1732 individual plants within five tropical forest habitats at the ‘Lago Caiman Research Camp’, Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, northeastern Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Fruit surveys along trails were conducted concomitantly to assess fruit availability for the resident terrestrial frugivore community. The results of the two methodologies are compared and discussed with respect to wildlife and forest management in the region. Phenological transects revealed that Cerrado forest, tall forest, low vine forest, Sartenejal (swamp) forest, and pied mont (premontane) forest, showed seasonal variations in flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit abundance, however, the broad temporal patterns were significantly different across habitats. Seasonal variation in overall foliage abundance was only marked for Cerrado forest. Ripe fruit production within the study site was not significantly different across months, with different habitats peaking asynchronously in abundance. From a frugivory perspective, overall ripe fleshy fruit abundance also varied considerably between habitats, and again showed asynchronous peaks in habitat production. However, both methodologies revealed the early dry season (June–July) as a period of ripe fleshy fruit scarcity throughout the study area. This period represents a resource ‘bottleneck’ for the resident frugivore community and phenological results allowed the identification of a number of keystone fruit resources for the region. Furthermore, fruit resources which are super-abundant in the early–mid wet season (November–February) might also be considered keystone resources for the region, given that they are available in an otherwise fruit scarce forest. The dynamic spatial patterning of fruit availability at Lago Caiman suggests that certain habitats might be considered keystone habitats, since they provide the majority of fruit resources on a seasonal basis. Finally, the potential of phenological information in tropical forest management plans is discussed and underlined by the observation that rainfall in itself fails to predict fruit availability in the dominant habitats at Lago Caiman.     

深根植物对埋地天然气输气管沥青涂层的影响

本文通过对四川、重庆两地所管辖区域的天燃气输气管线上24个树种及其根系的调查,并对其109个不同深度的探坑数据的统计分析认为:输气管的埋地深度大于100cm,植物根系对其影响较小;深度在100cm内时,影响较大。植物距管线越近,其影响危害越大。不同土壤的埋地深度的影响为沙土>壤土>粘土。     

广东象头山保护区野生动物资源调查和保护对策

为掌握资源现状,受惠州市林业局委托,于1999年5～6月对象头山自然保护区的野生动物资源进行了综合考察,共发现野生动物203种,隶属4纲25目69科，其中两栖纲、爬行纲、鸟纲和哺乳纲分别有19、42、113和29种.东洋界种类占77.33%，动物地理区划属东洋界华南区闽广沿海亚区.国家一、二级保护动物分别有2和23种.最后分析了资源状况，并提出了保护对策.     

四川省天然林资源现状及可持续经营对策

四川天然林资源丰富，珍稀物种繁多，生态效能巨大，具有景观资源和生态系统多样性，针对这些特点，文章提出要切实保护好现有天然林，使之成为建设长江上游生态屏障的主体；采用近自然林业经营技术，对天然林实施合理经营；建立与可持续经营要求相适应的天然林资源调查监测体系和政策、法律法规保障体系；充分利用林区丰富的景观资源和野生经济资源，合理开发生态旅游、野生土特产品；鼓励和支持社会、公众广泛参与这项工作，加强自然保护区建设等方面，对天然林实行可持续经营。     

景德镇市天然次生林经营管理的研究

以景德镇市天然次生林为研究对象,分析其形成过程、自然特征;根据生态经济学原理阐述了天然次生林的经营原则,剖析其在生态建设及林业产业建设中的作用与现实意义,再根据样本调查资料揭示出通过小面积皆伐与全刈所产生的新一代萌芽林生态学的特征及相对稳定性,最后按照森林的分类区划提出天然次生林中公益林经营管理和商品林经营管理的经营目的、主要方法和具体措施。